Apple Logic Express 9 Instrukcja Użytkownika Strona 43
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To open the Audio Devices preferences
Do one of the following:
µ
Choose Logic Express > Preferences > Audio (or use the Open Audio Preferences key
command), then click the Devices tab.
µ
Click the Preferences button in the Arrange toolbar, choose Audio from the pop-up menu,
then click the Devices tab.
In Mac OS X, all audio devices are accessed via Core Audio, an integral part of the operating
system. Core Audio is a high-performance, low-latency audio system that allows audio
interface hardware to be used by several applications at the same time.
Logic Express is compatible with all audio hardware that offers a Core Audio driver.
43Chapter 2 Setting Up Your System
- Logic Express 9 1
- Contents 3
- 4 Contents 4
- 5Contents 5
- 6 Contents 6
- 7Contents 7
- 8 Contents 8
- 9Contents 9
- 10 Contents 10
- 11Contents 11
- 12 Contents 12
- 13Contents 13
- 14 Contents 14
- 15Contents 15
- 16 Contents 16
- Welcome to Logic Express 17
- Additional Resources 19
- Introducing Logic Express 21
- Audio region 1 25
- Audio file 25
- Audio region 2 25
- MIDI region 26
- Setting Up Your System 27
- Computer 28
- Audio and MIDI Interfaces 29
- Types of MIDI Devices 30
- Ancillary Audio Devices 31
- Computer Expansions 34
- FireWire 800 (9-pin) 35
- USB (Universal Serial Bus) 35
- Audio Cabling 36
- RCA connector (unbalanced) 37
- XLR connector 37
- TOSLINK connector 37
- MIDI Cabling 38
- Using USB MIDI Keyboards 41
- Using External MIDI Devices 42
- Using External Audio Effects 42
- Setting Up Core Audio Devices 44
- Overview of the Logic Express 45
- Interface 45
- Opening Logic Express 46
- Working in the Arrange Area 48
- Using the Toolbar 49
- Using the Transport Bar 49
- Using the Inspector 50
- Region Parameter box 51
- Arrange channel strips 51
- Working in the Media Area 52
- Name column 53
- Loop button 53
- Play button 53
- Info column 53
- Introducing the Loop Browser 55
- Introducing the Library 57
- Introducing the File Browser 58
- Working in the Notes Area 60
- Introducing Project Notes 61
- Introducing Track Notes 61
- Working in the Lists Area 62
- Event type buttons 63
- Region display Event display 63
- Hierarchy button 63
- Introducing the Marker List 64
- Introducing the Tempo List 65
- Working in the Editing Area 66
- Introducing the Mixer 67
- Introducing the Sample Editor 68
- Introducing the Score Editor 69
- Introducing the Hyper Editor 70
- Local Menu Bars 71
- Tool Menus 71
- Scroll Bars 72
- Zoom Sliders 72
- Bar Ruler 72
- Global Tracks 73
- Checkboxes and Buttons 78
- Pull-Down and Pop-Up Menus 78
- Using the Computer Keyboard 79
- Customizing Your Window Setup 81
- Working in Normal Windows 82
- Working in Floating Windows 83
- Opening and Closing Windows 84
- Moving and Resizing Windows 87
- Selecting the Working Area 92
- Click the gray area below 93
- Zooming the Working Area 94
- Zooming with the Playhead 95
- Zooming with the Scroll Bars 95
- Zooming with the Trackpad 96
- Working in Catch Mode 100
- Working in Link Mode 100
- Working in Content Catch Mode 101
- Displaying Global Tracks 105
- Reverting to Saved Screensets 111
- Navigating Your Project 113
- Setting the Playhead Position 114
- Division value 115
- Using the Transport Buttons 117
- Using Transport Key Commands 118
- Using Apple Remote 120
- Using Cycle Mode 121
- Right locator 123
- Left locatorPosition display 123
- Auto Set Locators 124
- Defining a Cycle with Markers 126
- Using Skip Cycle 126
- Customizing the Transport Bar 129
- Using SMPTE View Offset 134
- Working with Markers 137
- Marker Text area 138
- Marker List 138
- Marker track 138
- Creating Markers 140
- Naming Markers 144
- Editing Markers 148
- Working with Projects 153
- Creating Projects 154
- Opening Projects 157
- Arrow key to deselect them 166
- Setting Project Properties 169
- Setting the Project Tempo 171
- Bar denominatorNumerator 173
- Project End display 175
- Adjusting Project Settings 176
- Handling Project Assets 176
- Managing Projects 177
- Cleaning Up Projects 178
- Saving Projects 180
- Closing and Quitting 183
- Basic Operations 185
- Entering Numerical Values 186
- Entering Text 187
- Working with Key Commands 188
- 189Chapter 8 Basic Operations 189
- Choosing Key Command Sets 190
- Saving Key Command Sets 190
- Browsing Key Commands 191
- Finding Key Commands 192
- 193Chapter 8 Basic Operations 193
- 195Chapter 8 Basic Operations 195
- Working with Tools 196
- 197Chapter 8 Basic Operations 197
- Left-click Tool menu 198
- Command-click Tool menu 198
- Right-click Tool menu 198
- 199Chapter 8 Basic Operations 199
- Learning About Common Tools 201
- Working with Help Tags 203
- Using the Shortcut Menu 204
- Using Selection Techniques 205
- Selecting Multiple Elements 206
- Making Horizontal Selections 206
- 207Chapter 8 Basic Operations 207
- Working with the Clipboard 210
- 211Chapter 8 Basic Operations 211
- To erase the Undo History 213
- Working with Tracks 215
- Track Parameter box 217
- Configuring the Track Header 218
- Resize pointer 220
- Using the New Tracks Dialog 223
- Creating Tracks Only 226
- Freezing a Track 242
- Working with Frozen Tracks 243
- Working with Freeze Files 244
- Refreshing Freeze Files 244
- Bouncing Tracks in Place 252
- Bounce-Replacing All Tracks 254
- Working with Instruments and 257
- Volume fader 261
- Working with Plug-ins 262
- Moving Plug-ins 265
- Using the Channel EQ 266
- Settings menu 272
- Adjusting Plug-in Parameters 274
- Linking Plug-ins 276
- Bypassing Plug-ins 277
- Using the Settings Functions 278
- Side Chaining Plug-ins 282
- Using Insert Effects 286
- Using Send Effects 286
- Making Sends Low Latency Safe 290
- Working with Instruments 291
- Playing Software Instruments 302
- Selected instrument, not 303
- Instrument in live mode 303
- Tuning Software Instruments 304
- Loading Presets 309
- Manually Enabling Plug-ins 310
- Disabling Plug-ins 312
- Adding Prerecorded Media 313
- Navigating in the Browser 316
- Green Apple Loop placed on 324
- Browsing for Apple Loops 325
- Music view Sound Effects view 326
- Category columns 327
- Auditioning Apple Loops 329
- Sorting Apple Loops 330
- Searching for Apple Loops 331
- Overview Calculation 337
- ReCycle slices 339
- ReCycle folder 339
- Adding MIDI and Project Files 340
- Getting to Know Regions 341
- Audio Regions and Audio Files 342
- MIDI Regions and Events 343
- Folder Regions 343
- Alias and Cloned Regions 344
- Creating and Removing Regions 350
- Resizing a Region 352
- Two-headed arrow cursor 353
- Anchor Anchor 354
- Protecting Audio Regions 355
- Audio Bin tab 356
- Creating Your Arrangement 357
- Arrange area with grid 358
- Arrange area without grid 358
- Overriding the Snap Grid 362
- Using Drag Modes 363
- Scrubbing Your Arrangement 365
- Using Shortcut Menus 366
- Muting Regions 366
- Soloing Regions 367
- Naming Regions 368
- Text tool 369
- Assigning Colors to Regions 371
- Selecting Regions 372
- Selecting Parts of a Region 373
- Eraser tool 376
- Restoring Removed Regions 377
- Limiting Region Movements 378
- Time stamped audio file 380
- Resizing Regions 383
- Creating Region Aliases 394
- Creating MIDI Region Aliases 395
- Creating Region Clones 397
- Creating Region Loops 400
- Dividing Regions 404
- Demixing MIDI Regions 407
- Glue tool 408
- Merging MIDI Regions 409
- Merging Audio Regions 409
- Working with Folders 411
- Packing and Unpacking Folders 412
- Entering and Exiting Folders 413
- Creating an Alias Folder 415
- Creating Fades 416
- Editing and Deleting Fades 417
- Setting Region Parameters 420
- Audio Region Parameters 422
- MIDI Region Parameters 422
- Recording in Logic Express 427
- Setting the Project Bit Depth 429
- Defining the Recording Folder 435
- Naming Audio Recordings 436
- Setting the Recording Format 438
- Record-Enabling Tracks 439
- Record-Enabling MIDI Tracks 440
- Audio Take Recording 441
- Composited take 443
- First recorded take 443
- Last recorded take 443
- Audio Multitrack Recording 447
- Audio Punch Recording 447
- Audio Replace Recording 450
- Deleting Audio Recordings 451
- MIDI Take Recording 452
- Recording Multiple MIDI Takes 453
- MIDI Multitrack Recording 457
- MIDI Merge Recording 461
- MIDI Replace Recording 462
- MIDI Step Input Recording 469
- Using the Step Input Keyboard 470
- Editing Audio Take Recordings 477
- Getting to Know Take Folders 478
- Quick Swipe Comping on 480
- Quick Swipe Comping off 480
- Take Folder Editing Mode 481
- Creating Comps 482
- Editing Comps 483
- Resizing Take Regions 488
- To save the current comp 495
- Renaming Takes or Comps 496
- To rename a take 497
- Deleting Takes or Comps 499
- • Press the Delete key 501
- To delete a comp 501
- To flatten a take folder 512
- Unpacking Take Folders 514
- Tracks” from the pop-up menu 517
- Flex Time Editing 521
- Turning on Flex View 522
- Choosing Flex Modes 522
- Flex checkbox 524
- Flex modeFlex mode and 525
- Working with Flex Markers 528
- Deleting Flex Markers 533
- Using the Flex Tool 537
- Flex marker 538
- (on next transient) 538
- (on previous transient) 538
- Flex marker (on transient) 538
- Opening the Sample Editor 544
- Info display 550
- Detected transients 556
- Percentage units Sample units 568
- Normal waveform display 570
- Waveform displayed as 570
- Machines Functions 571
- Mode and Algorithm 573
- Tempo parameters 573
- Pitch parameters 573
- Spike Reduction 582
- Noise Reduction 582
- Working with Tempo and Audio 591
- Follow Tempo symbol 592
- Time Stretching Regions 595
- Removing Silent Passages from 601
- Audio Regions 601
- Automatic Anchor Creation 604
- Managing Audio Files 607
- Sorting Audio Files 608
- Guitars group 609
- Vocals group 609
- Do one of the following: 611
- Renaming Audio Files 613
- Moving Audio Files 614
- Deleting Audio Files 617
- Optimizing Audio Files 617
- Quantizing Audio and MIDI 623
- Quantizing MIDI Events 632
- Working with Groove Templates 634
- Importing Groove Templates 636
- Introduction to MIDI Editing 641
- MIDI Activity display 647
- Roll Editor 649
- MIDI note event 650
- Understanding Note Velocities 652
- Opening the Hyper Editor 673
- Event Definition 675
- Parameter Box 675
- Event definitions 675
- Hyper Set menu 675
- Creating Events 678
- Line tool 679
- Selecting Events 681
- Deleting Events 681
- Restoring Deleted Events 682
- Changing Event Values 683
- Moving and Copying Events 683
- Converting Event Definitions 689
- Altering the Event Status 690
- First Data Byte checkbox 691
- Naming an Event Definition 692
- Delaying an Event Definition 692
- Working with Hyper Sets 693
- Creating a Hyper Set 695
- Creating a GM Drum Hyper Set 695
- Using Hi-Hat Mode 695
- Naming a Hyper Set 696
- Loading a Hyper Set 697
- Filtering Event Types 702
- Playhead position 704
- Refining Event Selection 705
- Copying and Moving Events 707
- Editing Events 708
- Altering Event Values 710
- Learning About Event Types 712
- Note Events 713
- Control Change Events 714
- Pitch Bend Events 715
- Program Change Events 715
- Aftertouch Events 716
- Poly Pressure Events 717
- SysEx Events 717
- Meta Events 718
- The Event Float Window 719
- Editing MIDI Events in the 721
- Transform Window 721
- Random Pitch 724
- Random Velocity 724
- Crescendo 725
- Scale 14 Bit PitchBd 726
- Double Speed 726
- Half Speed 727
- Humanize 728
- Reverse Position 728
- Reverse Pitch 729
- Transposition 729
- Exponential Velocity 730
- Velocity Limiter 731
- Fixed Note Length 731
- Maximum Note Length 732
- Minimum Note Length 732
- Quantize Note Length 733
- Defining Global Parameters 734
- Defining Selection Conditions 735
- Defining Operations 736
- Using the Map 739
- Exchanging Parameter Values 740
- Usage Examples 741
- Opening the Mixer 748
- 749Chapter 27 Mixing 749
- Getting to Know the Mixer 750
- 751Chapter 27 Mixing 751
- 752 Chapter 27 Mixing 752
- 753Chapter 27 Mixing 753
- Working with Mixer Groups 754
- 755Chapter 27 Mixing 755
- 756 Chapter 27 Mixing 756
- 757Chapter 27 Mixing 757
- Muting Channel Strips 758
- Soloing Channel Strips 759
- Setting Channel Strip Levels 760
- 761Chapter 27 Mixing 761
- 762 Chapter 27 Mixing 762
- 763Chapter 27 Mixing 763
- 764 Chapter 27 Mixing 764
- 765Chapter 27 Mixing 765
- 766 Chapter 27 Mixing 766
- 767Chapter 27 Mixing 767
- 768 Chapter 27 Mixing 768
- 769Chapter 27 Mixing 769
- 770 Chapter 27 Mixing 770
- 771Chapter 27 Mixing 771
- 772 Chapter 27 Mixing 772
- 773Chapter 27 Mixing 773
- 774 Chapter 27 Mixing 774
- 775Chapter 27 Mixing 775
- 776 Chapter 27 Mixing 776
- 777Chapter 27 Mixing 777
- 778 Chapter 27 Mixing 778
- 779Chapter 27 Mixing 779
- 780 Chapter 27 Mixing 780
- Customizing the Mixer 781
- 782 Chapter 27 Mixing 782
- 783Chapter 27 Mixing 783
- 784 Chapter 27 Mixing 784
- 785Chapter 27 Mixing 785
- Using the I/O Labels Window 786
- 787Chapter 27 Mixing 787
- 788 Chapter 27 Mixing 788
- 789Chapter 27 Mixing 789
- 790 Chapter 27 Mixing 790
- 791Chapter 27 Mixing 791
- Renaming Tracks in the Mixer 792
- 793Chapter 27 Mixing 793
- Working with Automation 795
- Displaying Track Automation 796
- Automation Parameter 797
- Setting an Automation Mode 800
- Choosing Automation Modes 801
- Writing Track Automation Data 803
- Automation Select tool 804
- Creating Automation Nodes 805
- Automation Curve tool 809
- Offsetting Automation 810
- Using Automation Quick Access 813
- Hyper Draw button 815
- Hyper Draw menu 815
- Using the Autodefine Mode 816
- Editing MIDI Automation Data 816
- Using the Note Velocity Mode 816
- Using Hyper Draw Key Commands 817
- Conversion of Automation Data 818
- Bouncing Your Project 819
- Defining the Bounce Range 821
- Bouncing and Dithering 832
- Creating Apple Loops 835
- Working with Notation 847
- Opening the Score Editor 848
- Event parameter box 850
- Display parameter box 850
- Part box 850
- Stage 3: Editing Note Events 852
- Stage 6: Printing a Score 854
- Working with the Part Box 860
- Selecting Part Box Objects 861
- Note Objects in the Part Box 864
- Clef Objects in the Part Box 865
- Invisible note head 867
- Jazz Symbols in the Part Box 873
- N-tuplet symbol 885
- Church restModern rest 889
- Hidden Bar Lines 894
- Working with Standard Text 895
- Editing Text 897
- Using Musical Symbol Fonts 898
- Learning About Text Styles 898
- Working with Text Styles 900
- Working with Global Text 900
- Working with Automatic Text 902
- Working with Lyrics 903
- Working with Chords 904
- Working with Chord Grids 907
- To delete a fingering dot 920
- The string is muted 924
- To unmute a string 924
- Creating Time Signatures 931
- Creating Key Signatures 932
- Selecting Signatures 933
- Copying Signatures 934
- Editing Signatures 934
- Deleting Signatures 935
- Transcribing MIDI Recordings 937
- Display Parameters 939
- 1/128-note triplets192 940
- 1/256-note triplets384 940
- Interpretation 941
- Syncopation 942
- No Overlap 942
- Max Dots 943
- Hidden MIDI Regions 944
- Changing Note Heads 945
- Changing Note Sizes 945
- Changing the Beaming of Notes 948
- Changing the Tie Direction 948
- Working with Staff Styles 950
- -Alto clefViola 953
- -Bass clefVioloncello 953
- MappedPercussion Clef# Drums 953
- Creating Staff Styles 954
- Deleting Staff Styles 958
- Staff Style Examples 964
- Cross Staff Beaming 966
- Choosing a Score Set 971
- Editing Score Sets 975
- Scaling Score Sets 975
- Setting Line Breaks 978
- Setting Page Breaks 979
- Editing Local Margins 980
- Printing the Score 981
- Exporting the Score 982
- Choosing a Color Mode 983
- Displaying Folders 984
- Displaying Instrument Names 984
- Displaying Duration Bars 984
- Displaying Guide Lines 985
- Project and File Interchange 987
- Setting Sharing Preferences 988
- Backing Up Audio Files 992
- Importing Standard MIDI Files 995
- Opening Standard MIDI Files 995
- Saving Standard MIDI Files 996
- Working with OMF Files 998
- Working with OpenTL Files 999
- Working with AAF Files 1001
- Advanced Tempo Operations 1011
- Using the Tempo Track 1012
- Using the Tempo List 1018
- Using the Tempo Fader 1026
- Beat Mapping Regions 1027
- Beat Mapping MIDI Regions 1028
- Beat Mapping Audio Regions 1030
- Beat Mapping to Scene Markers 1033
- Beat Mapping to Markers 1033
- Transposed 1037
- Working in the Environment 1043
- Working with Layers 1045
- Switching Between Layers 1047
- Working with Objects 1048
- Moving Objects 1049
- Copying Objects 1050
- Adjusting the Size of Objects 1051
- Object with direct output 1055
- Object without direct 1055
- Cabling Environment Objects 1056
- Exchanging Environments 1060
- Updating an Older Environment 1061
- Swapping Environments 1061
- Environment Objects Reference 1067
- Standard Instrument Objects 1070
- Multi-Instrument Objects 1072
- The Multi-Instrument Window 1073
- Working with Sub-Channels 1075
- Mapped Instrument Objects 1076
- The Mapped Instrument Window 1077
- Custom Bank Selects 1080
- Touch Track Objects 1081
- The Touch Tracks Window 1083
- Fader Objects 1085
- Using Faders 1086
- Working with Object Groups 1087
- Fader Styles 1088
- Fader Functions: MIDI Events 1090
- Fader Functions: Filter 1092
- Vector Fader 1093
- Special Faders Overview 1094
- Cable Switchers 1095
- Meta Event Faders 1096
- Working with SysEx Faders 1097
- Working with SysEx Messages 1098
- Special Functions 1101
- Alias Objects 1102
- Alias Parameters 1103
- Ornament Objects 1104
- GM Mixer Objects 1104
- MMC Record Buttons Objects 1107
- Keyboard Objects 1108
- Monitor Objects 1108
- Macro Objects 1109
- Arpeggiator Objects 1111
- The Arpeggiator Parameter Box 1112
- Transformer Objects 1113
- Delay Line Objects 1119
- Voice Limiter Objects 1120
- Channel Splitter Objects 1121
- Chord Memorizer Objects 1121
- Physical Input Objects 1124
- Sequencer Input Objects 1125
- MIDI Click Objects 1126
- Internal Objects 1128
- Channel Strip Objects 1130
- Channel Strip Parameters 1131
- Input Channel Strip 1132
- Bus Channel Strip 1133
- Prelisten Channel Strip 1133
- Working with Video 1135
- Using the Movie Window 1137
- Using the Video Track 1138
- Synchronizing Logic Express 1143
- Using the Sync Button 1145
- MTC Interpretation 1145
- Fixing Objects to Frames 1147
- Positioning Bars to Frames 1147
- MIDI Machine Control 1148
- Working in Low Latency Mode 1154
- Dealing with Latency Issues 1157
- File Formats 1159
- Exporting Split Channel Files 1161
- Accessing Project Settings 1163
- Saving Project Settings 1165
- MIDI Synchronization Settings 1171
- Metronome Settings 1175
- Recording Settings 1177
- Tuning Settings 1180
- About Tuning 1182
- Audio Settings 1186
- MIDI Settings 1188
- General MIDI Settings 1189
- Input Filter Settings 1190
- Chase Settings 1191
- Score Settings 1192
- Global Score Settings 1193
- Numbers & Names Settings 1196
- Tablature Settings 1199
- Chords & Grids Settings 1204
- Layout Settings 1209
- MIDI Meaning Settings 1211
- Color Settings 1213
- Video Project Settings 1215
- Assets Project Settings 1217
- Preferences in Logic Express 1219
- Saving Preferences 1220
- General Editing Preferences 1224
- General Cycle Preferences 1226
- General Catch Preferences 1227
- Core Audio Device Preferences 1230
- Audio General Preferences 1233
- Bounce Extensions Pane 1237
- Audio MP3 Preferences 1240
- Audio Reset Preferences 1241
- MIDI General Preferences 1244
- MIDI Sync Preferences 1245
- General Display Preferences 1248
- Arrange Display Preferences 1249
- Mixer Display Preferences 1250
- Glossary 1261
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