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68 Chapter 2
Data Consolidation
For years, UNIX systems have stored administrative information in a collection of files located
in the /etc directory. This scheme requires each UNIX computer to have its own set of files,
and processes that are running on a UNIX computer read its files when they need
administrative information. If you’re experienced with UNIX, you probably know about the
files in the /etc directory—group, hosts, hosts.eq, passwd, and so forth. For example, a UNIX
process that needs a user’s password consults the /etc/passwd file, which contains a record for
each user account. A UNIX process that needs group information consults the /etc/group file.
Open Directory consolidates administrative information, simplifying the interactions
between processes and the administrative data they create and use.
UNIX processes
/etc/
passwd
/etc/
hosts
/etc/
group
Mac OS X processes
Directory
services
- Mac OS X Server 1
- Apple Computer, Inc 2
- 2 Directory Services 65 5
- 3 Users and Groups 121 7
- Contents 10
- Contents 11
- 4 Sharing 205 12
- 5 File Services 221 13
- 7 Print Service 315 20
- 8 Web Service 337 21
- 9 Mail Service 369 23
- 11 DHCP Service 475 31
- 12 NetBoot 485 31
- 13 Network Install 509 33
- 14 DNS Service 515 33
- 15 Firewall Service 525 34
- 16 SLP DA Service 545 35
- Appendix A 37
- Glossary 581 37
- Index 591 37
- How to Use This Guide 39
- Preface 40
- How to Use This Guide 41
- Administering Your Server 43
- Networking and Security 44
- File and Printer Sharing 44
- Open Directory Services 45
- High Availability 46
- Directory Services 47
- Apple File Service 49
- Windows Services 49
- Chapter 1 52
- Network Services 53
- QuickTime Streaming Service 55
- Application, tool 57
- For more 57
- Server Assistant 58
- Open Directory Assistant 58
- Directory Access 59
- Workgroup Manager 59
- Server Settings 60
- Server Status 61
- Macintosh Manager 62
- NetBoot Administration Tools 62
- Server Monitor 62
- Streaming Server Admin 63
- Directory Services 67 67
- Data Consolidation 68
- Data Distribution 69
- Directory Services 71 71
- Directory Services 73 73
- Local Data 74
- Shared Data 75
- Directory Services 77 77
- Two-Level Hierarchies 79
- More Complex Hierarchies 81
- The Automatic Search Policy 83
- Custom Search Policies 84
- General Planning Guidelines 85
- Directory Services 87 87
- Password Server Database 88
- Password Server Security 89
- Directory Services 91 91
- Directory Services 93 93
- 4 Click Apply 94
- Directory Services 95 95
- Directory Services 97 97
- Directory Services 99 99
- Chapter 2 100
- Directory Services 101 101
- Directory Services 103 103
- Directory Services 105 105
- Directory Services 107 107
- Directory Services 109 109
- Directory Services 111 111
- Directory Services 113 113
- Directory Services 115 115
- Directory Services 117 117
- Directory Services 119 119
- Users and Groups 121
- Authentication 122
- Password Validation 123
- Information Access Control 124
- Administration Privileges 125
- Home Directories 126
- Mail Settings 127
- Resource Usage 127
- User Preferences 127
- Group Directories 128
- Workgroups 128
- Computer Access 128
- Users and Managed Users 128
- Administrators 129
- Guest Users 129
- Predefined Accounts 130
- Users and Groups 131 131
- Chapter 3 132
- Step 6: Create users 133
- Step 7: Create groups 134
- Users and Groups 135 135
- Users and Groups 137 137
- Users and Groups 139 139
- Defining Short Names 140
- Choosing Stable Short Names 141
- Avoiding Duplicate Names 141
- Users and Groups 143 143
- Defining User IDs 144
- Users and Groups 145 145
- Users and Groups 147 147
- Users and Groups 149 149
- Users and Groups 151 151
- Users and Groups 153 153
- Users and Groups 155 155
- Users and Groups 157 157
- Users and Groups 159 159
- Users and Groups 161 161
- Users and Groups 163 163
- Users and Groups 165 165
- Users and Groups 167 167
- 2 Click the Members tab 169
- Naming a Group 169
- Defining a Group ID 170
- Users and Groups 171 171
- Users and Groups 173 173
- Users and Groups 175 175
- 2 Click the Accounts button 176
- Users and Groups 177 177
- Users and Groups 179 179
- Users and Groups 183 183
- Users and Groups 185 185
- Users and Groups 187 187
- Users and Groups 189 189
- Users and Groups 191 191
- Choosing a Password 192
- Migrating Passwords 193
- Users and Groups 195 195
- Users and Groups 197 197
- Understanding Kerberos 198
- Users and Groups 199 199
- Users and Groups 201 201
- Users and Groups 203 203
- Privileges 205
- Chapter 4 206
- Network Globe Contents 207
- Step 4: Turn file services on 209
- Security Issues 210
- 3 Click the Sharing tab 211
- Sharing 213 213
- Sharing 215 215
- Sharing 217 217
- 4 Select the Sharing tab 219
- 6 Click Save 219
- File Services 221
- File Services 223 223
- Chapter 5 224
- TCP port number 548 225
- File Services 227 227
- File Services 229 229
- File Services 231 231
- File Services 233 233
- 5 Click Save 235
- 3 Click Send Message 235
- Setting Up Windows Services 237
- 3 Click the General tab 237
- File Services 239 239
- File Services 241 241
- File Services 243 243
- 4 Click Save 244
- Secure FTP Environment 244
- File Services 245 245
- File Services 247 247
- Before You Set Up FTP Service 248
- File Services 249 249
- File Services 251 251
- File Services 253 253
- File Services 255 255
- Before You Set Up NFS Service 256
- Setup Overview 256
- File Services 257 257
- Managing NFS Service 258
- Supporting Mac OS X Clients 259
- File Services 261 261
- File Services 263 263
- File Services 265 265
- Client Management: Mac OS X 267
- Chapter 6 268
- 9 Click Save 280
- Using Wireless Services 281
- Preference Management Options 284
- Managing a Preference Once 285
- Always Managing a Preference 285
- Never Managing a Preference 285
- To manage user preferences: 285
- To start Classic after login: 291
- To add items to the Dock: 295
- To set up how a user logs in: 305
- To set the default printer: 313
- Print Service 315
- Serial Bus (USB) connection 316
- Print Service 317 317
- Chapter 7 318
- Print Service 319 319
- Print Service 321 321
- Print Service 323 323
- Print Service 325 325
- Print Service 327 327
- Print Service 329 329
- Print Service 331 331
- Print Service 333 333
- Deleting Print Log Archives 334
- Print Service 335 335
- Web Service 337
- Configuring Web Service 338
- Providing Secure Transactions 338
- Setting Up Web Sites 338
- Understanding WebDAV 339
- Chapter 8 340
- Step 2: Create a default page 341
- Web Service 343 343
- Web Service 345 345
- Web Service 347 347
- Web Service 349 349
- Web Service 351 351
- Web Service 353 353
- Web Service 355 355
- Options Includes 355
- AddType text/html shtml 356
- Web Service 357 357
- #AddModule mod_php4.c 358
- Enabling WebMail 359
- Configuring WebMail 360
- Web Service 361 361
- 362 Chapter 8 362
- Web Service 363 363
- A CGI Will Not Run 364
- Macintosh-Specific Modules 365
- Open-Source Modules 366
- Web Service 367 367
- Mail Service 369
- Post Office Protocol (POP) 370
- Mail Service 371 371
- Chapter 9 372
- Mail Service 373 373
- SMTP Authentication 374
- Restricted SMTP Relay 374
- Rejected SMTP Servers 375
- Blacklisted Servers 375
- Step 2: Set up MX records 377
- Step 3: Start mail service 378
- Mail Service 379 379
- Mail Service 381 381
- Mail Service 383 383
- Mail Service 385 385
- Mail Service 387 387
- Mail Service 389 389
- Mail Service 391 391
- Starting Sendmail 392
- Mail Service 393 393
- Mail Service 395 395
- Mail Service 397 397
- Restricting SMTP Relay 398
- Mail Service 399 399
- 3 Click the Filter tab 400
- Mail Service 401 401
- Mail Service 403 403
- 2 Click the Logs tab 405
- Mail Service 407 407
- Internet 409
- The User Experience 412
- Locating the Home Directory 413
- Chapter 10 414
- Software 415
- Hardware 415
- 3 Restart the computer 417
- Using Update Packages 417
- Macintosh Manager Security 418
- The Multi-User Items Folder 419
- Preparation for Using NetBoot 423
- Step 3: Import user accounts 424
- Step 7: Create computer lists 425
- To import all users: 427
- To search for users: 429
- Using Guest Accounts 429
- To set up the Guest account: 431
- To set a user storage quota: 435
- Creating a Workgroup 436
- To duplicate a workgroup: 437
- To protect the desktop: 441
- Types of Shared Folders 443
- To create a hand-in folder: 445
- To allow access to printers: 447
- To select a default printer: 447
- To allow users to force-quit: 459
- To customize a panel name: 461
- To view a report: 463
- 3 Click Save 465
- 2 Insert a CD or DVD 465
- Forced Preferences folder 466
- Preserved Preferences folder 466
- To use preserved preferences: 469
- Always copied Never copied 469
- DHCP Service 475
- Creating Subnets 476
- Using Static IP Addresses 476
- Locating the DHCP Server 476
- Step 1: Create subnets 477
- Chapter 11 478
- DHCP Service 479 479
- DHCP Service 481 481
- DHCP Service 483 483
- 12 NetBoot 485
- NetBoot 487 487
- Capacity Planning 488
- NetBoot Implementation 489
- Chapter 12 490
- NetBoot 491 491
- Security 493
- NetBoot and AirPort 493
- Step 3: Set up DHCP 495
- NetBoot 497 497
- 4 Click Make Private Copy 498
- NetBoot 499 499
- NetBoot 501 501
- NetBoot 503 503
- Enabling Server Selection 504
- NetBoot 505 505
- Starting Up Using the N Key 507
- Network Install 509
- Chapter 13 510
- Network Install 511 511
- Network Install 513 513
- Click the Image tab 514
- DNS Service 515
- DNS and BIND 516
- Using DNS With Mail Service 516
- DNS Service 517 517
- Step 2: Configure BIND 518
- Step 4: Start DNS service 518
- DNS Service 519 519
- What Is BIND? 520
- BIND on Mac OS X Server 520
- Practical Example 521
- Chapter 14 522
- Check Your Configuration 523
- Firewall Service 525
- Chapter 15 526
- What Is a Filter? 527
- Using Address Ranges 528
- IP Address Precedence 529
- Multiple IP Addresses 529
- Practical Examples 529
- Deny 25 (SMTP) 17.128.100.0 530
- Allow 25 (SMTP) All 530
- Deny 548 (AFP/TCP) All 530
- Firewall Service 531 531
- Firewall Service 533 533
- Viewing Denied Packets 535
- Firewall Service 537 537
- Firewall Service 541 541
- Firewall Service 543 543
- SLP DA Service 545
- Chapter 16 546
- SLP DA Service 547 547
- SLP DA Service 549 549
- SR Service requests 550
- ERR SLP errors 550
- Tools for Advanced Users 551
- Chapter 17 552
- Opening an SSH Session 553
- 1 Open Terminal 553
- Closing an SSH Session 554
- Using installer 558
- 560 Chapter 17 560
- To use softwareupdate: 561
- Configuring TCP/IP Settings 564
- Managing Network Services 564
- Designating Proxy Servers 565
- Requirements 567
- Failover Operation 567
- FAILOVER_PEER_IP=”10.0.0.1” 569
- Test (if present) 570
- PreAcq10.StopDIP 570
- APPENDIX 573
- Glossary 581
- Glossary 583 583
- Glossary 585 585
- Glossary 587 587
- Glossary 589 589
- 592 Index 592
- Index 593 593
- 594 Index 594
- Index 595 595
- 596 Index 596
- Index 597 597
- 598 Index 598
- Index 599 599
- 600 Index 600
- Index 601 601
- 602 Index 602
- Index 603 603
- 604 Index 604
- Index 605 605
- 606 Index 606
- Index 607 607
- 608 Index 608
- Index 609 609
- 610 Index 610
- Index 611 611
- 612 Index 612
- Index 613 613
- 614 Index 614
- Index 615 615
- 616 Index 616
- Index 617 617
- 618 Index 618
- Index 619 619
- 620 Index 620
- Index 621 621
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